• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a boiler comprising a solid fuel store, a dispensing unit and a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber comprising an inner wall having a truncated cone shape, supported by the upper face of a hollow grate that supports the solid fuel, and including openings in the lower face thereof through which a secondary air flow is introduced into the combustion chamber, characterised in that the inner wall of said chamber and the upper face of the grate form a conical volume of fuel with a reaction area that is variable according to the primary air flow introduced into the combustion chamber, and the secondary air flow supplied through the grate is regulated according to the quantity of oxygen in the exhaust gases.
    公开号:ES2540702A1
    申请号:ES201590020
    申请日:2012-09-11
    公开日:2015-07-10
    发明作者:José Ignacio DOMÍNGUEZ CARRERO；David FÉRNANDEZ MERINO；Manuel SALGADO ALEJO；Alfonso HORRILLO GÜEMEZ；Andrés MELGAR BACHILLER
    申请人:Fundacion Cidaut；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    P201590020
    03-10-2015
    SOLID FUEL BOILER DESCRIPTION 5 OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention is encompassed in the field of boilers operating with
    solid fuels, such as biomass, coal, wood, etc.
    10 Said invention fundamentally proposes a boiler that uses the internal truncated cone wall of the combustion chamber and the upper face of the grill to form a conical volume of solid fuel with a fuel reaction area that can vary depending on the primary air flow which is introduced into said combustion chamber.
    On the other hand, the regulation of the secondary air flow is achieved, which is introduced into the combustion chamber through holes made in the grill, according to the amount of oxygen in the combustion exhaust gases.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    20 With reference to the state of the art, it should be mentioned that different types of boilers are known and marketed for both domestic and industrial use.
    Boilers for burning solid fuel generally comprise a silo or tank
    25 of fuel which at the bottom of which there is a doser that delivers solid fuel to a combustion chamber.
    At the bottom of the combustion chamber is a grill on which solid fuel is burned. Said grill is also able to retain and discharge the ashes towards
    30 a home located at the bottom of the combustion chamber.
    Following the home, in fluid communication with it, a heat exchanger is included. The exhaust gas from the combustion generated passes through said exchanger transferring heat to the water for later use, for example, in systems of
    35 heating, domestic hot water, etc.
    2
    P201590020
    03-10-2015
    To carry out the combustion of solid fuel deposited on the grill is
    it is necessary to supply said combustion chamber with a certain amount of air.
    The combustion technology currently used in solid fuel boilers
    5 includes a gasification (incomplete combustion) phase of the fuel disposed on the grill, using a primary air flow that is introduced through the upper part of the combustion chamber, that is, above the solid fuel deposited on the grill .
    10 In a subsequent phase of total combustion developed over the home once, through the grill, the amount of air needed to complete the combustion of the gas generated in the previous phase is provided.
    In some boilers, the grills involved in said total combustion phase are
    15 hollow and have a plurality of holes through which said secondary air flow is injected to complete the combustion of the fuel. Examples of these types of grills are those shown in patent documents: WO 201227805, published on March 8, 2012; EP 2314916, published on April 27, 2011; and GB 2159938, published December 11, 1985.
    20 However, these known solutions do not show that the secondary air flow to be injected can be controlled, guaranteeing the complete combustion of the material effectively and efficiently. 25 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    In view of the foregoing, the present invention relates to a boiler of
    solid fuel.
    The boiler comprises a fuel tank in whose lower part a dispenser is arranged that drives the solid fuel into a combustion chamber.
    Both solid fuel and a primary air flow penetrate the top of said combustion chamber.
    35
    3
    P201590020
    03-10-2015
    On the other hand, the combustion chamber has an internal trunk-conical wall and is supported by the upper face of a grill. Said grill is hollow and includes a plurality of holes in its lower face through which a secondary air flow is introduced into the combustion chamber.
    5 Likewise, the grill supports the solid fuel, being arranged on a home that has fluid communication with a heat exchanger. This exchanger is where the energy content of the combustion exhaust gases is finally used, giving heat to the water, which will be used in heating systems, of
    10 domestic hot water, etc.
    The boiler is characterized in that the internal wall of the combustion chamber and the upper face of the grill form a conical volume of solid fuel.
    15 The conical shape of the solid fuel arranged between the internal wall of the combustion chamber and the upper face of the grill makes the fuel reaction area variable, positioning at a different height, depending on the primary air flow that is introduced in said combustion chamber.
    20 On the other hand, the regulation of secondary air flow, provided through the holes in the grill to complete the combustion of solid fuel, is done according to the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases.
    Conditioning the amount of air flow secondary to the presence of oxygen in the exhaust gases 25 allows complete combustion of the solid fuel to be achieved in an effective and efficient manner.
    That is, in this way only the exact amount of secondary air that is required at any time would be injected to make the fuel completely combustion. 30 DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    The present specification is complemented with a set of figures, illustrative of the preferred example, and never limiting the invention. 35 Figure 1 represents a front sectional view of the boiler. 4
    P201590020
    03-10-2015
    Figure 2 represents a sectional side view of the boiler.
    Figure 3 represents an enlarged sectional view of the combustion zone of the boiler of Figure 1.
    Figure 4 represents a bottom perspective view of the grill included in the boiler of Figure 1.
    10 Figure 5 represents a perspective view of the turbulators included in the heat exchanger of a boiler variant of Figure 1. DETAILED EXHIBITION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention is a solid fuel boiler for use in heating systems, domestic hot water, etc.
    The solid fuel feed (3) to the boiler, for example, pelletized biomass in the form of pellets, part of a silo or fuel tank (1) included in the boiler itself.
    20 The loading of said fuel tank (1) can be carried out manually, by emptying solid fuel bags (3), or automatically, by discharging the fuel from another larger silo by an auger system or a pneumatic system (not seen in the figures).
    25 To detect the need to fill the fuel tank (1), a sensor (not seen in the figures) can be placed inside it that gives visual and / or audible indications when the amount of solid fuel (3) available in said tank It is less than a preset value.
    As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the solid fuel (3) is dosed into the combustion chamber (4) by means of a doser (2), preferably of the screw type, driven by a gearmotor (15).
    35 Preferably, the dispenser (2) is provided with a flame arrester system (14) to prevent the flame backing into the fuel tank (1). 5
    P201590020
    03-10-2015
    Said flame cutter system (14) consists of a chopping board (14.1) operated by a device (not detailed in the figures) with a return spring by means of which it is ensured that, in the event of an electrical failure, it is closed. The closing of the chopping board (14.1) is carried out in case of shutdown
    5 or of detection, by means of a probe (not shown in the figures), of high temperature in the feeding duct (16).
    The solid fuel (3) penetrates into said combustion chamber (4) from its upper part. Preferably, the solid fuel supply (3) is commanded by an infrared probe 10 (10) that detects the level of the upper face of the solid fuel (3) inside the combustion chamber (4).
    Also a primary air flow (5) penetrates said combustion chamber (4) at its upper part. This flow will be conditioned to the required generation power.
    15 For its part, the combustion chamber (4) has an internal wall (4.1) conical trunk and is supported by the upper face (6.1) of a grill (6).
    The solid fuel (3) provided by the upper part of the combustion chamber (4) is retained between the internal wall (4.1) of the combustion chamber (4) and the upper face (6.1) of the grill (6) , conforming a conical volume of said solid fuel (3).
    Said conical shape of the solid fuel (3), formed by being arranged between the inner wall (4.1) of the combustion chamber (4) and the upper face (6.1) of the grill (6), makes
    25 that the reaction area of said fuel is variable, positioning at a different height, depending on the primary air flow (5) that is introduced into said combustion chamber (4).
    The combustion chamber (4) can also have a duct (17) from which a stream of hot air is provided on the solid fuel (3), allowing its initial ignition. Once the fuel is ignited, it is self-contained.
    The grill (6) supports the solid fuel (3), which is arranged on a home (8). In this way, the evacuation of the generated ashes is carried out towards the home (8). 35
    6
    P201590020
    03-10-2015
    On the other hand, the grill (6) is hollow and includes a plurality of holes (6.3) in its lower face (6.2) through which a secondary air flow (7) is introduced to complete the combustion of the solid fuel ( 3).
    5 The structural configuration of the grill (6) allows the correct mixing of the secondary air flow (7) with the primary air flow (5).
    Likewise, the contribution of the secondary air flow (7) through the inside of the grill (6) allows
    refrigerate it, reducing its service requirements, which prolongs its useful life.
    10 Preferably, see figure 4, the grill (6) comprises a plurality of hollow bars (6.4) arranged in parallel and with such separation that it allows to evacuate the ashes generated towards the home (8).
    15 The regulation of the secondary air flow (7) that is provided through the holes (6.3) of the grill (6) is based on the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases.
    Preferably, the secondary air flow (7) is regulated by a lambda probe (11) which measures the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gases at the outlet of the boiler.
    Likewise, a butterfly valve (12), commanded by the probe, may be available.
    lambda (11), in the secondary air intake (13) to regulate its flow.
    25 Household (8) constitutes the area over which the flame is generated and the ashes are collected.
    Access to the home (8) can be done through a door (18), where you can
    the ash extraction is carried out and the grill (6) removed in case of disassembly.
    Additionally, the door (18) can include a sight glass (19) through which the presence of flame is detected. A presence sensor (not shown in the figures) prevents the boiler from turning on with the door (18) open, in addition to starting the boiler off if the door (18) is opened.
    Preferably, both the home (8) and the combustion chamber (4) are coated with a refractory material, for example, concrete, to prevent thermal losses. 7 P201590020
    04-22-2015
    The home (8), in addition to the coating of refractory material, could be wrapped in a water jacket (8.1), which minimizes the thermal losses of the combustion exhaust gases in its path.
    5 Household (8) constitutes a transition zone between the combustion zone and an exchange zone. The home (8) has fluid communication with a heat exchanger (9), where the energy content of the combustion exhaust gases is used.
    10 In this sense, the combustion exhaust gases generated enter through the lower zone of the heat exchanger (9).
    Preferably, said exchanger (9) is of the pyrotubular type comprising a plurality of parallel tubes (9.1) through which said combustion gases pass,
    15 while the water to be heated flows out of said tubes (9.1). In addition, said exchanger (9) can be placed in series with the water jacket (8.1) of the household (8).
    Preferably, within each tube (9.1) there is an axis (9.2) with a
    plurality of turbulators (9.3) to optimize heat transfer by generating
    20 turbulence over combustion exhaust gases. That is, the thermal exchange between said gases, which circulate inside the tubes (9.1), and the water, which circulates outside said tubes (9.1) is maximized.
    As can be seen in figure 5, the turbulators (9.3) constitute shaped sheets
    25 semicircular welded in pairs to the axis (9.2). The pairs of turbulators (9.3) are arranged equidistant along the axis (9.2) facing each other obliquely. Its geometric configuration not only allows to optimize the heat transfer but also facilitates the internal cleaning of the tubes (9.1).
    30 For its part, the amount of air necessary to carry out the combustion of solid fuel, that is to say the primary (5) and secondary (7) air flows, is supplied by an exhaust fan (15).
    Preferably, said extractor fan (15) is arranged at the outlet of the heat exchanger 35 (9). Specifically, after the lambda probe (11) and before the connection to the chimney (not shown in the figures) of the boiler. 8
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    03-10-2015
    To facilitate the shutdown of the boiler, solenoid valves (21, 22) with spring can be included in the primary (20) and secondary (13) air intakes, which are activated to start the boiler and, in case of shutdown or emergency situation, they close by the
    5 action of the spring by cutting the supply of combustion air, and therefore, facilitating the shutdown of the boiler.
    In turn, the boiler could have other safety devices, such as a thermostat (23) with manual reset and an additional exchanger (not shown in the
    10 figures).
    The thermostat (23) is included inside the exchanger (9), activating when the
    maximum setpoint temperature (90ºC).
    15 For its part, the additional exchanger is coupled to the exchanger (9) and has a water inlet from the network commanded by a thermocontact (not seen in the figures) that is activated when a maximum temperature is exceeded, and a directed outlet to the drain. This exchanger allows the residual power of the boiler to dissipate in the event of an electrical failure.
    9
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]


    1.-Solid fuel boiler comprising a fuel tank (1) in whose lower part a dispenser (2) is arranged that drives the solid fuel (3) 5 towards a combustion chamber (4), said solid fuel (3 ) and a primary air flow
    (5) penetrate said combustion chamber (4) at the top, the combustion chamber (4) has an internal wall (4.1) conical trunk and is supported by the upper face (6.1) of a grill (6) , the grill (6) is hollow and includes a plurality of holes
    (6.3) on its lower face (6.2) through which a secondary air flow is introduced
    10 (7) in the combustion chamber (4), said secondary air flow (7) is regulated according to the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases, the grill (6) supports the solid fuel (3), which is arranged on a home (8) that has fluid communication with a heat exchanger (9), where the energy content of the combustion exhaust gases is used, characterized in that the internal wall (4.1) of the
    15 combustion chamber (4) and the upper face (6.1) of the grill (6) form a conical volume of solid fuel (3) with a variable reaction area depending on the primary air flow (5) that is introduced into said combustion chamber (4).
    [2]
    2. Solid fuel boiler according to claim 1 wherein the contribution of
    The solid fuel (3) to the combustion chamber (4) is commanded by an infrared probe (10) that detects the level of the upper face of the solid fuel (3) inside the combustion chamber (4).
    [3]
    3.-Solid fuel boiler according to claim 1 wherein the flow of secondary air (7) through the holes (6.3) of the grill (6) is regulated by a lambda probe (11) that measures the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gases.
    [4]
    4. Solid fuel boiler according to claim 3 wherein a butterfly valve (12), commanded by the lambda probe (11), is arranged at the inlet (13) of the secondary air to regulate its flow.
    [5]
    5. Solid fuel boiler according to claim 5 wherein the grill
    (6) comprises a plurality of hollow bars (6.4) arranged in parallel and with such
    separation that allows to evacuate the ashes generated towards the home (8). 35
    10

    [6]
    6. Solid fuel boiler according to claim 1 wherein the solid fuel dispenser (2) is of the screw type auger.
    [7]
    7. Solid fuel boiler according to claims 1 or 6 wherein the solid fuel dispenser (2) (3) is provided with a flame arrester system (14).
    [8]
    8. Solid fuel boiler according to claim 1 wherein the combustion chamber (4) and the home (8) are coated with a refractory material.
    9. Solid fuel boiler according to claim 8 wherein the home (8) is wrapped in a water jacket (8.1) that minimizes thermal losses of combustion gases.
    [10]
    10. Solid fuel boiler according to claims 1 and 9 wherein the heat exchanger (9) is placed in series with the water jacket (8.1) of the household (8).
    [11]
    11.-Solid fuel boiler according to claims 1 or 10 wherein the heat exchanger (9) is of the pyrotubular type, comprised of a plurality of tubes
    (9.1) where they transfer combustion gases. twenty
    [12]
    12.-Solid fuel boiler according to claim 11 wherein inside each tube (9.1) an axis (9.2) with turbulators (9.3) is arranged to optimize heat transfer.
    13. A solid fuel boiler according to claims 1 and 3 wherein at the exit of the heat exchanger (9), after the lambda probe (11), an extractor fan (15) is provided that guarantees the flow of primary (5) and secondary (7) air for combustion of solid fuel (3).
    14. A solid fuel boiler according to claim 1 wherein the solid fuel (3) used is biomass.
    eleven
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2540702B1|2016-05-12|
    WO2014041213A1|2014-03-20|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB190406740A|1904-03-19|1905-02-16|John Scott|Improvements in Means for Regulating the Flow of Fluids through Tubes.|
    FR2290488B1|1974-11-08|1977-07-01|Cousin Georges|
    DE3019622A1|1980-05-22|1981-11-26|SIEMENS AG AAAAA, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München|METHOD FOR OPERATING A GASIFICATION BURNER / BOILER PLANT|
    US4435149A|1981-12-07|1984-03-06|Barnes Engineering Company|Method and apparatus for monitoring the burning efficiency of a furnace|
    JPS6243093B2|1982-12-09|1987-09-11|Ebara Mfg|
    JPS6239325B2|1983-04-21|1987-08-22|Ebara Mfg|
    FR2549939B1|1983-07-27|1989-02-24|Poncet Entreprise Construction|SELF-LOADING BOILER FOR FRAGMENTED WOOD FUELS|
    EP0156363A3|1984-03-30|1986-04-09|Hans Dr. Viessmann|Solid fuel gasifying combustion apparatus|
    GB2159938A|1984-05-29|1985-12-11|Doulton Ind Products Ltd|Apparatus for burning waste material|
    US4836115A|1988-06-23|1989-06-06|Macarthur Charles E|Vertical furnace|
    GB9312469D0|1993-06-17|1993-08-04|Robertson Andrew J|Oil-fired boiler|
    US7819070B2|2005-07-15|2010-10-26|Jc Enviro Enterprises Corp.|Method and apparatus for generating combustible synthesis gas|
    CA2586311A1|2006-04-28|2007-10-28|Thermalco Inc.|Apparatus and method for conversion of animal litter biomass into useful energy|
    JP2010078269A|2008-09-29|2010-04-08|Topre Corp|Pellet combustor|CN107559814A|2017-09-07|2018-01-09|杭州蓝禾新能源工程技术有限公司|The bubbling and secondary cyclone combustion technology of wood chips burning fluid bed|
    法律状态:
    2016-05-12| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2540702 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20160512 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/ES2012/070645|WO2014041213A1|2012-09-11|2012-09-11|Solid fuel boiler|
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